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Anthony Bottom
Jalil Abdul Muntaqim (born on October 18, 1951, as Anthony Bottom) is a former member of both the Black Panther Party (BPP) and the Black Liberation Army (BLA). On May 21, 1971, he was arrested in California along with Albert “Nuh” Washington and Herman Bell and convicted of the killings of two New York City police officers, Waverly Jones and Joseph A. Piagentini. In 1974, Muntaqim was convicted on two counts of murder in the first degree for these killings, and received a prison term of twenty-five years to life. He is currently incarcerated at Attica Correctional Facility in Attica, New York.
==Personal life==
Muntaqim was born in Oakland, California and grew up in San Francisco. Drawn to the civil rights activism during the 1960s, Muntaqim joined and began organizing for the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People during his teenage years. In high school he played an active role in the Black Student Union and was often recruited to play the voice of and engage in “speak outs” on behalf of the organization. He was also involved in street protests against police brutality.
At the age of eighteen, Muntaqim joined the Black Panther Party after the assassination of Martin Luther King, Jr.. King's assassination only solidified Muntaqim's beliefs that armed strategies of resistance were necessary to combat racism and the oppression of Black individuals in society. While a member of the Black Panther Party, Muntaqim held beliefs which paralleled those of the underground faction, as opposed to the mainstream party, which focused on organizing, communicating with nationwide affiliates and other revolutionary groups to form positive political and social relations. In contrast, the underground party was focused on radical means of obtaining equality. Its members served as experts in military strategy and were “the essential armed wing of the above-ground political apparatus.”〔James, Joy, ed. ''Imprisoned Intellectuals: America’s Political Prisoners Write on Life, Liberation and Rebellion''. 1st edn. Lanham, Maryland: Rowman and Littlefield. 2003.
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